Claisen rearrangement
Abstract
The Claisen rearrangement is a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement that converts an allyl vinyl ether (or allyl aryl ether) into a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compound, proceeding through a pericyclic mechanism.
Keywords
Allyl vinyl ether, Aryl vinyl ether, γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl, Rearrangement
Category
Rearrangement
Mechanism
Mechanistically, the bond between C1 of the allyl group and the oxygen breaks and the two 𝜋-bonds (C2=C3 and C4=C5) both shift inward by one position, giving the new 𝜋-bonds at C1=C2 and C5=O in the product. In the case of an aryl allyl ether, the ring is re-aromatized via tautomerization after the rearrangement, yielding the corresponding phenol. It is important to note that the transition state (TS) is preferentially chair-like, in which the substituents prefer equatorial positions, that gives predictable relative stereochemistry at the newly formed C–C bond.
The formation of the C=O bond, which is thermodynamically more stable than the C=C bond of a vinyl ether, makes this reaction irreversible in most practical cases.